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- Network Working Group M. Rose
- Request for Comments: 1569 Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- Category: Informational January 1994
-
-
- Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain:
- Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction ................................................ 1
- 2. Naming, Addressing, and Routing ............................. 2
- 2.1 Addressing ................................................. 2
- 2.2 Routing .................................................... 3
- 3. Procedure ................................................... 3
- 3.1 MAILing versus SENDing ..................................... 4
- 3.2 Latency .................................................... 4
- 4. Usage Examples .............................................. 5
- 4.1 MIME-based ................................................. 5
- 4.2 Non-MIME ................................................... 5
- 5. Security Considerations ..................................... 6
- 6. Acknowledgements ............................................ 6
- 7. References .................................................. 6
- 8. Author's Address ............................................ 6
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- As an adjunct to the usual, two-way electronic mail service, it is at
- times useful to employ a one-way text notification service, called
- radio paging. This memo describes a technique for radio paging using
- the Internet mail infrastructure. In particular, this memo focuses
- on the case in which radio pagers are identified via the
- international telephone network.
-
- The technique described by this memo, mapping telephone numbers to
- domain names, is derived from the TPC.INT subdomain. Consult RFC
- 1530, "Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain: General
- Principles and Policy" for overview information.
-
-
-
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-
-
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- Rose [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1569 Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures January 1994
-
-
- 2. Naming, Addressing, and Routing
-
- A radio pager is identified by a telephone number, e.g.,
-
- +1 415 940 8776
-
- where "+1" indicates the IDDD country code, and the remaining string
- is a telephone number within that country.
-
- 2.1. Addressing
-
- This number is used to construct the address of a radio pager server,
- which forms the recipient address for the message, e.g., one of:
-
- pager-alpha@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- pager-numeric@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
-
- where the domain-part is constructed by reversing the telephone
- number, converting each digit to a domain-label, and being placed
- under "tpc.int." (The telephone number must not include any
- international access codes.)
-
- In addition, addresses of the form
-
- pager.ATOM@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- pager-alpha.ATOM@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- pager-numeric.ATOM@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
-
- where "ATOM" is an (optional) RFC 822 atom [1], are reserved for
- future use. Note that the mailbox syntax is purposefully restricted
- in the interests of pragmatism. To paraphrase RFC 822, an atom is
- defined as:
-
- atom = 1*atomchar
-
- atomchar= <any upper or lowercase alphabetic character
- (A-Z a-z)>
- / <any digit (0-9)>
- / "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*" / "+"
- / "-" / "/" / "=" / "?" / "^" / "_" / "`" / "{"
- / "|" / "}" / "~"
-
- Finally, note that some Internet mail software (especially gateways
- from outside the Internet) impose stringent limitations on the size
- of a mailbox-string. Thus, originating user agents should take care
- in limiting the local-part to no more than 70 or so characters.
-
-
-
-
-
- Rose [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1569 Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures January 1994
-
-
- 2.2. Routing
-
- The message is routed in exactly the same fashion as all other
- electronic mail, i.e., using the MX algorithm [2]. Since a radio
- pager server might be able to access many radio pagers, the
- wildcarding facilities of the DNS [3,4] are used accordingly. For
- example, if a radio pager server residing at "dbc.mtview.ca.us" is
- willing to access any radio pager with a telephone number prefix of
-
- +1 415 940
-
- then this resource record might be present
-
- *.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int. IN MX 10 dbc.mtview.ca.us.
-
- Naturally, if several radio pager servers were willing to access any
- radio pager in that prefix, multiple MX resource records would be
- present.
-
- It should be noted that the presence of a wildcard RR which matches a
- radio pager server's address does not imply that the corresponding
- telephone number is valid, or, if valid, that a radio pager is
- identified by the phone number. Rather, the presence of a wildcard
- RR indicates that a radio pager server is willing to attempt access.
-
- 3. Procedure
-
- When information is to be sent to a radio pager, the user application
- constructs an RFC 822 message, containing a "Message-ID" field and a
- textual content (e.g., a "text/plain" content [5]).
-
- The message is then sent to the radio pager server's electronic mail
- address.
-
- The radio pager server begins by looking at the local part of the
- address. If the local-part is the literal string "pager-alpha" then
- this indicates that the recipient is using an alpha-numeric pager.
- The radio pager server consults a local database to determine how to
- send the page based on the domain-part. This local knowledge
- includes information about the protocol used to talk to the paging
- network and the access number. As such, a radio pager server will
- register itself in the DNS as providing service only to those phone
- numbers for which it has such knowledge.
-
- Otherwise, if the local-part is the literal string "pager-numeric"
- then this indicates that the recipient is using a numeric pager. The
- radio pager server may consult a local database to determine how to
- send the page based on the domain-part; or, it may dial the number
-
-
-
- Rose [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1569 Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures January 1994
-
-
- specified in the domain-part directly.
-
- For alpha-numeric pagers, the radio pager server determines which
- information found in the headers and body of the message are used
- when constructing the paging message. For example, some radio pager
- servers might choose to examine the "To" and "Subject" fields, in
- addition to the body, whilst other radio pager servers might choose
- to simply send the body verbatim.
-
- For numeric pagers, the radio pager server sends only the body, which
- must consistent solely of digits.
-
- 3.1. MAILing versus SENDing
-
- An SMTP client communicating with a radio pager server may use
- attempt either the MAIL or SEND command. The radio pager server MUST
- support the MAIL command, and MAY support any of the SEND, SOML, or
- SAML commands.
-
- If the MAIL command is used, then a positive completion reply to both
- the RCPT and DATA commands indicates, at a minimum, that the message
- has been queued for transmission into the radio paging network for
- the recipient, but is at least queued for transmission into the radio
- paging network.
-
- If the SEND command is used, then a positive completion reply to both
- the RCPT and DATA commands indicates that the message has been
- accepted by the radio paging network for delivery to the recipient.
-
- If the SOML or SAML command is used, then a positive completion reply
- to both the RCPT and DATA commands indicates that the message may
- have been accepted by the radio paging network for delivery to the
- recipient.
-
- 3.2. Latency
-
- Although the Internet electronic mail service tends to perform
- delivery in a timely and reliable manner, some paging services will
- wish to provide a higher degree of assurance to their clients, in
- particular guaranteeing that a positive reply code means that the
- page has been sent on the radio network. For such requirements, the
- primary constraints are server implementation and client/server
- network connectivity.
-
- A client that uses the SEND or SAML commands is explicitly requesting
- real-time transmission on the radio network and is requiring that the
- server reply code will carry a statement of success or failure about
- that transmission.
-
-
-
- Rose [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1569 Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures January 1994
-
-
- The IP level of the Internet performs datagram store-and-forward
- service, but gives the end system hosts the appearance of direct
- connectivity, by virtue of allowing interactive service. The
- Internet electronic mail service adds another layer of store-and-
- forward indirection, so that messages may go through any number of
- relays (and/or gateways). This may introduce arbitrarily large
- delays of minutes, hours, or days.
-
- A client that configures their Internet attachment to permit "direct"
- SMTP connectivity to a pager server will be able to submit paging
- requests to the server directly, without additional SMTP-relaying.
- That is, transmission from paging client to paging server will be one
- "SMTP-hop"only. This will eliminate any possibility of non-
- deterministic delay by the Internet itself.
-
- The combination of configuring paging server and paging client to
- allow direct IP/SMTP-level interaction and ensuring that they use
- SEND or SAML commands only will mean that a client receiving a
- positive reply from the server is assured that the page has been sent
- on the radio network.
-
- 4. Usage Examples
-
- 4.1. MIME-based
-
- To: pager-alpha@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- cc: Marshall Rose <mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
- From: Carl Malamud <carl@malamud.com>
- Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 08:38:00 -0800
- Subject: First example, for an alphanumeric pager
- Message-ID: <19930908220700.1@malamud.com>
- MIME-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
-
- A brief textual message.
-
- 4.2. Non-MIME
-
- To: pager-numeric@6.7.7.8.0.4.9.5.1.4.1.tpc.int
- cc: Marshall Rose <mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
- From: Carl Malamud <carl@malamud.com>
- Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 08:38:00 -0800
- Subject: Second example, for a numeric pager
- Message-ID: <19930908220700.2@malamud.com>
-
- 2026282044
-
-
-
-
-
- Rose [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1569 Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures January 1994
-
-
- 5. Security Considerations
-
- Internet mail may be subject to monitoring by third parties, and in
- particular, message relays.
-
- 6. Acknowledgements
-
- This document was motivated by "Simple Network Paging Protocol -
- Version 1", by Allen Gwinn of Southern Methodist University.
-
- David H. Crocker and Carl Malamud also provided substantive comments.
-
- 7. References
-
- [1] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
- Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, University of Delaware, August 1982.
-
- [2] Partridge, C., "Mail Routing and the Domain System", STD 14, RFC
- 974, BBN, January 1986.
-
- [3] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names -- Concepts and Facilities", STD
- 13, RFC 1034, Information Sciences Institute, November 1987.
-
- [4] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names -- Implementation and
- Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, Information Sciences Institute,
- November 1987.
-
- [5] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
- Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
- the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore,
- Innosoft, September 1993.
-
- 8. Author's Address
-
- Marshall T. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- 420 Whisman Court
- Mountain View, CA 94043-2186
- US
-
- Phone: +1 415 968 1052
- Fax: +1 415 968 2510
- EMail: mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us
-
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- Rose [Page 6]
-